WCAG (Level AAA) SC 2.2.3 No Timing (w3.org)
Issue description
WCAG 2.2.3, “No Timing” goes beyond the requirements of 2.2.1 (Timing Adjustable) by essentially eliminating time limits altogether, except in very specific circumstances. This Level AAA criterion recognizes that any time constraint, even if adjustable, can still pose barriers for some users.
While adjustable time limits can help, some users might still struggle with:
- Pressure and anxiety: Even with extended time, the presence of a time limit can create pressure and anxiety, hindering performance and comprehension.
- Cognitive differences: Users with cognitive disabilities might find it difficult to process information effectively under time pressure.
- Assistive technology use: Users who rely on assistive technologies might need more time to interact with content, even with adjustments.
WCAG requirements
This guideline requires that timing is not an essential part of the event or activity presented by the content, except for:
- Non-interactive synchronized media: Prerecorded audio or video.
- Real-time events: Live events where timing is inherently part of the activity (e.g., auctions, online games).
For all other content, time limits should be removed entirely. This means:
- No session timeouts: Users should not be automatically logged out due to inactivity.
- No time limits on forms or activities: Users should have unlimited time to complete forms, quizzes, or other interactive activities.
- No time-dependent prompts: Prompts or notifications should not disappear after a short time.
Benefits
- Reduced anxiety: Eliminating time limits removes pressure and allows users to engage with content at their own pace.
- Improved comprehension: Users with cognitive disabilities have more time to process information and understand the content.
- Increased accessibility: It removes a significant barrier for users who rely on assistive technologies or have difficulty with time management.
While implementing this criterion can be challenging, it demonstrates a commitment to providing the highest level of inclusivity and accessibility for all users.
Related requirements
The following WCAG source criteria are often related to this as well. They can provide additional insights into specific challenges you may be encountering.
- WCAG (Level A) SC 2.2.1 Timing Adjustable
- WCAG (Level AAA) SC 2.2.4 Interruptions
- WCAG (Level AAA) SC 2.2.5 Re-authenticating
- WCAG (Level AAA) SC 2.2.6 Timeouts
Who this issue impacts
Follow the links for additional information on user impairments:
Suggestions for remediation
Remediating WCAG 2.2.3, “No Timing” involves removing time limits wherever possible, except for specific cases allowed by the guideline. This can be a significant change for some websites, but it’s crucial for creating a truly inclusive experience. Here’s how:
Remove time limits
- Session timeouts: Disable automatic logout due to inactivity. If session management is essential for security, provide very long timeouts and clear warnings with options to extend the session.
- Form time limits: Remove any time limits on forms, quizzes, or other interactive activities. Allow users to complete them at their own pace.
- Time-limited prompts: Ensure prompts or notifications remain visible until the user dismisses them or they are no longer relevant.
Essential exceptions
- Non-interactive synchronized media: Time limits are permitted for prerecorded audio or video, as the timing is inherent to the content.
- Real-time events: Time limits are allowed for real-time events (e.g., auctions, online games) where timing is an essential part of the activity.
Provide alternatives (if necessary)
- Chunking content: If a task involves a large amount of information, break it down into smaller, manageable chunks to reduce cognitive overload.
- Saving progress: If removing a time limit is not possible, provide a way for users to save their progress and return to it later.
Testing
- Verify removal of time limits: Thoroughly test the website to ensure all time limits have been removed or fall under the allowed exceptions.
- Assistive technology testing: Test with screen readers to ensure that users are not presented with time-limit warnings or pressured to complete actions quickly.
Examples
- E-commerce checkout: Instead of a session timeout that interrupts the checkout process, provide a “Save for Later” option.
- Online quiz: Remove the time limit on the quiz, allowing users to take as much time as they need to complete it.
- Account registration: Remove any time limits on the registration form, allowing users to fill it out at their own pace.
By removing unnecessary time limits, you create a more inclusive and user-friendly experience for everyone, especially those who may struggle with time constraints due to disabilities or other factors. This demonstrates a commitment to providing equal access to information and functionality for all users.
