WCAG (Level A) SC 1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded) (W3.org)
Issue description
WCAG 1.2.1, “Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)” addresses the need for accessibility in prerecorded media that is exclusively audio or exclusively video. It highlights two specific scenarios:
- Audio-only content: This refers to media like podcasts, audiobooks, or recorded lectures that lack any visual component. For users who are deaf or hard of hearing, accessing the information solely through audio is impossible. Therefore, an alternative format, such as a full text transcript, is necessary to provide equivalent access.
- Video-only content: This pertains to media where the visual component is primary, but lacks audio or has audio that doesn’t convey all essential information. Examples include silent films, videos with background music only, or videos with visual-only instructions. For users who are blind or have low vision, relying solely on the visual content is not feasible. To ensure accessibility, alternatives like audio descriptions (narration of key visual elements) or a separate media alternative that combines audio and visual information in a different format must be provided.
Failing to meet the WCAG (Level A) SC 1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded) criterion, excludes individuals with specific disabilities from accessing and understanding the content, limiting their ability to engage and participate fully. Providing appropriate alternatives, as outlined by this success criterion, promotes inclusivity and ensures that the information is available to all users, regardless of their sensory abilities.
Related requirements
The following WCAG source criteria are often related to this as well. They can provide additional insights into specific challenges you may be encountering.
Who this issue impacts
Follow the links for additional information on user impairments:
Suggestions for remediation
To ensure accessibility for WCAG 1.2.1, “Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)” follow this guide:
- For audio-only content: Provide a transcript, Offer a complete and accurate text transcript of the audio content, including spoken words, sound effects, and any other relevant auditory information. This allows users who are deaf or hard of hearing to access the content.
- For video-only content: Provide captions or audio descriptions:
- Captions: If the video has important visual elements that are not conveyed through audio, provide synchronized captions to describe these visual elements (e.g., scene changes, on-screen text, visual cues).
- Audio descriptions: If the video lacks audio or the audio does not convey all essential information, provide a separate audio track with narration that describes the key visual elements, actions, and emotions.
- Alternative media: In some cases, you may consider creating an alternative version of the video that combines the audio and visual information in a different format (e.g., a text-based summary or a simplified version with both audio and visual elements).
By implementing these remediations, you can make your prerecorded media accessible to a wider audience, including individuals with disabilities. Remember to ensure that the alternatives provided are equivalent in presenting the information and functionality of the original content.
